[Event "X3D Man-Machine World Championship"]
[Site "New York City USA"]
[Date "2003.11.11"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Kasparov, Garry"]
[Black "X3D Fritz"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "D45"]
[WhiteElo "2830"]
[Annotator "Mig Greengard"]
[PlyCount "73"]
[EventDate "2003.??.??"]

1. Nf3 {Kasparov almost always opens with 1.e4 these days, at least against
humans. But over the course of his 25 year professional career he has played
just about everything.} d5 2. c4 c6 3. d4 Nf6 4. Nc3 e6 {Logical and normal
development into what is called the Slav Defense. This is a well-known system
that is particularly well-known to Garry Kasparov! The X3D Fritz team shows no
fear and heads right into Kasparov's strength. They wanted to show they didn't
fear his preparation. This choice is also relevant because in Kasparov's last
computer match, against Deep Junior in January '03, he crushed the machine in
this exact opening in the first game!} 5. e3 Nbd7 6. Qc2 Bd6 (6... b6 7. cxd5
exd5 8. Bd3 Be7 9. Bd2 O-O 10. g4 Nxg4 11. Rg1 Ndf6 {
0-1 Kasparov,G-DEEP JUNIOR/New York USA 2003/(36)}) 7. g4 {A very aggressive
move that offers a pawn in exchange for attacking chances. If Black captures
the pawn with ..Nxg5 White gets a lot of pressure on the open g-file. Kasparov
has played this position three times, twice with white and once with black! He
won all three games, including one against the computer program Deep Junior
earlier this year.} Bb4 {A normal move still in the "book" of both players.
X3D Fritz has almost three million positions in its library of opening moves
and sequences. Kasparov is legendary for his opening preparation and knowledge.
He is a walking encyclopedia of opening theory and his opponents have a
healthy fear of his surprises in the openings. This move also takes the game
away from the game Kasparov won against Deep Junior in this line. That's a
sort of psychological advantage, being the first to spring something
unexpected. Between two humans it could also be sort of like a game of chicken,
with the first player to turn off from the previous game being the chicken. No
matter how well it plays chess, this aspect is lost on X3D Fritz. It is not,
however, lost on its creators and operators!} (7... dxc4 8. Bxc4 (8. g5 Nd5 9.
Bxc4 Nxc3 10. bxc3 e5 $132) (8. e4 e5 $1 9. g5 {
Ftacnik,L. 0-1 Adams,M-Kasparov,G/Dortmund 1992/CBM 29/22)} (9. dxe5 Nxe5 10.
Nxe5 Bxe5 11. g5 Nh5 $15)) (8. g5 Nd5 9. Bxc4 Nxc3 10. bxc3 e5 $132) (8. Bxc4 {
Anand}) 8... b6 9. e4 e5 10. g5 Nh5 11. Be3 O-O 12. O-O-O Qc7 13. d5 b5 14.
dxc6 bxc4 15. Nb5 Qxc6 16. Nxd6 Bb7 17. Qc3 Rae8 18. Nxe8 Rxe8 19. Rhe1 Qb5 20.
Nd2 Rc8 21. Kb1 Nf8 22. Ka1 Ng6 23. Rc1 Ba6 24. b3 cxb3 25. Qxb3 Ra8 26. Qxb5
Bxb5 27. Rc7 {1-0 Kasparov,G-DEEP JUNIOR/New York USA 2003/ (27)}) (7... O-O 8.
g5 Nh5 9. Bd2 f5 10. gxf6 Nhxf6 11. Ng5 Qe8 12. O-O-O h6 13. h4 $40 {
Shirov,A-Thorhallson,T/Reykjavik/1992/}) 8. Bd2 Qe7 9. Rg1 Bxc3 10. Bxc3 Ne4
11. O-O-O {A new move instead of the usual 11.Bd3.} (11. Bd3 Nxc3 12. Qxc3 O-O
13. O-O-O dxc4 14. Bxc4 c5 (14... b5 15. Bd3 Bb7 16. Ne5 Nxe5 17. dxe5 Rfd8 18.
Kb1 a6 19. Qc2 {
1-0 Malakhov,V-Potkin,V/Togliatti RUS 2003/The Week in Chess (39)}) 15. g5 cxd4
16. Qxd4 a6 17. Kb1 b5 18. Be2 {
0-1 Milanovic,D-Djerfi,K/Belgrade 2003/CBM 96 ext (33)}) 11... Qf6 $5 {
Now that we are out of X3D Fritz's opening library of recorded moves it is
thinking, calculating, for itself. And right away we see a very"computer-like"
move from the computer. It immediately plays to win a pawn by attacking the
unprotected knight on f3.} 12. Be2 {
Kasparov protects his knight and offers the f2 pawn for capture.} Nxf2 {
And X3D Fritz takes the pawn! This will give White a lot of pressure against
the black position in compensation for the sacrificed pawn. It's ironic that
we have the strongest chess computer of all time here and it is playing in the
materialistic mode of the first chess programs. In X3D Fritz's opinion, it has
enough defensive resources to rebuff Kasparov's initiative. This battle of
material vs initiative is what chess is all about. Kasparov gives up a pawn
for an attack, but if his attack doesn't succeed then X3D Fritz will have good
chances to win with the extra material. Kasparov loves to have the initiative
and such sacrifices are his stock and trade.} 13. Rdf1 {
Attacking the black knight.} Ne4 {Retreating the knight. One of the drawbacks
of X3D Fritz's pawn grab is that now the f-file is open for White's pieces.
Right now Kasparov is threatening a discovered attack on the black queen. That
means when he moves his knight, there will be a line of attack opened for his
rook.} 14. Bb4 {Kasparov moves his bishop away so the knight can't capture it.
He uses it to prevent the black king from castling by attacking the f8 square.}
(14. Ne5 {This is the discovered attack. Note that now Black's queen is under
fire from the rook on f1. When the queen moves Kasparov would be able to
capture the pawn on f7. But X3D Fritz saw well in advance that its queen would
be able to counterattack effectively. It's hard to fool a computer looking at
four million moves per second.} Qh4 15. Nxf7 O-O $1 {
Creating a double attack on the f7 knight.} 16. Ne5 Rxf1+ 17. Rxf1 Nxe5 18.
dxe5 Qxh2 {Black maintains its extra pawn and has a clear advantage.}) 14... c5
{This move apparently came as a surprise to Kasparov, who now went into a deep
think after playing all of his previous moves at tremendous speed. X3D Fritz
gives back the pawn in order to block the white bishop's diagonal and open
lines toward the White king.} 15. cxd5 exd5 16. dxc5 Qe7 {Getting the queen
away from the discovered attack on the f-file and also attacking the c5 pawn.
Material is now equal, Kasparov has an edge in development and X3D Fritz has a
very well-placed knight on e4.} 17. Nd4 {A typically dynamic Kasparov move. He
will play his knight to the aggressive f5 square. He ignores the threat to the
c5 pawn since capturing it would cost Black a great deal of time.} O-O {
Getting the king to safety, but allowing Kasparov to play a powerful sequence
of moves here that will win a rook for a bishop and pawns. A rather surprising
decision from a program that has already shown itself to be a bit of a
materialist!} (17... Ndxc5 $2 18. Bb5+ Kf8 {
Now the black king is stuck in the middle of the board.}) 18. Nf5 {
Attacking the queen.} Qe5 19. c6 {Kasparov goes for it. This pawn push is a
discovered attack. The pawn attacks the knight and at the same time the
diagonal for the b4 bishop is opened up to attack the rook on f8. He is going
to win a rook for his bishop, a gain in material, but he usually likes to be
the one giving up the material for the attack. Now X3D Fritz will have the
initiative and more active pieces.} bxc6 20. Bxf8 {The logical continuation,
although he could also have checked the black king and infiltrated with his
knight with 20.Ne7+.} Kxf8 {Our Grandmaster commentators were expecting X3D
Fritz to recapture with the knight instead of moving his king into the middle
of the board. The machine prefers to keep its pieces more active and isn't
worried about its king at all. A human would instictively worry about putting
his king out into traffic. A computer just looks at a few hundred million
positions, sees no danger, and plays what it thinks is best.} (20... Nxf8 21.
Bd3 (21. Qxc6 $2 Rb8 {With great attacking chances for Black.})) 21. Ng3 {
Kasparov wants to trade material. He has a material advantage and every
exchange will bring him closer to realizing it.} Ndc5 22. Nxe4 Nxe4 23. Bd3 {
Threatening yet more trades.} Be6 {Finally developing this bishop and
preparing to lodge it on the d5 square after Kasparov captures on e4. The
bishop also protects the f7 square on the vulnerable f-file. Computers always
defend tenaciously.} 24. Bxe4 dxe4 {Kasparov's mission to exchange pieces has
been successful, but how to now convert his slight material advantage into a
win?} 25. Rf4 Bd5 {Protecting the attacked e4 pawn. Black has set up a solid
defensive wall and it's up to Kasparov to find a way through.} 26. Qc5+ {
Activating the queen with check, forcing the black king back. This move also
pins the bishop against the queen.} (26. Qc3 {Many expected this move,
offering to exchange the queens and driving the black queen from her excellent
central post. X3D Fritz definitely wouldn't exchange queens because then
Kasparov's material advantage would be close to crushing. X3D Fritz needs the
powerful queen on the board to keep counterchances.} Qd6) 26... Kg8 27. Rgf1 {
Threatening the brutally blunt capture Rxf7, taking advantage of the pin on
the bishop. This move was criticized by several of the assembled Grandmasters
as "too subtle." Black's reaction develops a piece and White's threat is
easily parried. The more direct 27.Rd1 was more to the point.} Rb8 {Answering K
asparov's threat with an even stronger one. X3D Fritz threatens a lethal
capture on b2.} 28. R1f2 {
Protecting b2 and so reviving the threat to capture on f7.} Qc7 {Removing the
pin on the bishop and so threatening to capture the unprotected a2 pawn.} 29.
Rc2 {Kasparov prefers to answer a threat with a counterthreat instead of
playing defense. Now if Black plays ..Rb5 Kasparov exploits the new pin on the
c-pawn and captures the rook with Qxb5.} (29. Kb1 {
Protecting the a2 pawn with the king.}) 29... Qd7 (29... Bxa2 {Grabbing the
pawn immediately was playable, but now White's rooks get a lot of play.}) (
29... Rb5 $4 30. Qxb5 $1) 30. h4 {Another aggressive surprise from Kasparov.
Just when all the action was on the queenside and in the center, he threatens
to open a new front by pushing his kingside pawns against the black king.} Qd8
31. g5 $6 {This move made X3D Fritz very happy, at least according to its
evaluation function. It now considers it safe to capture the hanging pawn on
a2. Kasparov wants to play h5 without allowing Black to block his pawns with ..
h6. But this plan is just to slow and now X3D Fritz grabs a pawn on a2.} (31.
h5 {This push instead of g5 wouldn't have given X3D Fritz time to capture on
a2 because of the threat of h6.} Bxa2 $2 (31... h6) 32. h6) 31... Bxa2 $1 {
A surprise for Kasparov. Perhaps that pawn had sat there immune for so long
that Kasparov started to believe it couldn't be captured! Not only does Black
win a pawn but suddenly White's king is feeling a draft.} 32. Rxe4 {Almost a dr
aw offer since it is now very hard for White to find any move to avoid the
repetition that does indeed end the game.} (32. Rd2 {This move was expected by
most commentators. It pushes the black queen off the d-file and claims it for
White. Then Kasparov could continue his kingside push.} Qe8 33. h5) 32... Qd3 {
Bringing the queen to a dominating position and creating threats around the
white king.} 33. Rd4 {
Giving up another pawn in order to remove the worst of the black threats.}
Qxe3+ {X3D Fritz alarmed the commentators by spending eight minutes on this
obvious and forced move. Seirawan, Ashley, and Hoffman wondered if there was a
malfunction! Nothing of the sort. X3D Fritz had plenty of extra time, so it
was in no hurry. It had started to see the repetition draw that now comes and
when a decisive result comes into its analysis horizon the program gives
itself more time.} 34. Rcd2 {The only move.} (34. Rdd2 $4 Rxb2 $1 {Whoops, givi
ng up the queen but getting checkmate in return! A fine illustration of the
dangers around White's king.} 35. Qxe3 (35. Rxb2 Qxc5+) (35. Kxb2 Qb3+ 36. Ka1
Qb1#) 35... Rb1# {Checkmate!}) (34. Kd1 $4 Re8) 34... Qe1+ {Black is in
considerable danger as well. Not only does Kasparov have a material advantage,
but the black king is not safe.} 35. Rd1 {The only move. The open white king,
hemmed in by the bishop on a2, is too vulnerable.} (35. Kc2 $4 Bb1+ 36. Kc3
Qc1+ 37. Rc2 Qxc2#) 35... Qe3+ {The first repetition of the position. If the
same position is about to appear on the board for the third time, the player
can claim a draw by repetition. We call theversion here a "perpetual check."}
36. R1d2 {The other moves are suicidal. Kasparov has no choice but to accept
the perpetual check draw if X3D Fritz wants it.} (36. Kc2 $4 Qb3+ 37. Kd2 Qxb2+
) (36. R4d2 $4 Qxc5+) 36... Qg1+ {This was the last fork in the road. X3D
Fritz could have continued the game with ..Re8. The machine decides that there
is no way to play for a win and forces the repetition draw.} (36... Re8 {
Black can keep the game going this way, but it was very risky and without any
advantage.} 37. Qc3) (36... Qe8 $2 37. Rd7) 37. Rd1 {Now the draw is
completely forced because the black queen has no alternative to checking on e3
again and creating a third repetition. Any other move loses immediately. White
is threatening to win instantly with Rd8+. So going to g1 for check instead of
back to e1 was just a show of computer humor, if you will! The result is the
same: draw. A rich and exciting battle with chances on both sides and
unexpected play from the beginning.} 1/2-1/2

[Event "X3D Man-Machine World Championship"]
[Site "New York City USA"]
[Date "2003.11.13"]
[Round "2"]
[White "X3D Fritz"]
[Black "Kasparov, Garry"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C66"]
[BlackElo "2830"]
[Annotator "Mig Greengard"]
[PlyCount "77"]
[EventDate "2003.??.??"]

1. e4 e5 {Classical defense from Kasparov, who usually always meets 1.e4 with .
..c5, his beloved Sicilian Defense.} 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 {
The Ruy Lopez, or Spanish Game. One of the oldest known openings.} Nf6 {
Kramnik used this move against an earlier version of Fritz last year.} 4. d3 {
According to Alex Kure, the opening book expert for Team Fritz, they wanted to
keep the queens on the board and not allow Kasparov to follow the main line of
the Berlin that Kramnik used to draw easily against them in Bahrain game one.}
(4. O-O Nxe4 5. d4 Nd6 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7. dxe5 Nf5 8. Qxd8+ Kxd8 {The main line
of the Berlin Defense of the Ruy Lopez. This line has been popular off and on
going back a century. It's latest resurrection was caused by world number two
Vladimir Kramnik, who used it to great effect against Kasparov in their 2000
world title match. The mighty queens come off the board and the game moves in
slow motion. Kramnik wanted to prevent Kasparov from displaying his famed
tactical prowess and the same strategy makes perfect sense against a
calculating monster like X3D Fritz. Kramnik played the Berlin in his first
match game against Fritz 8 a year ago and, as he often did against Kasparov in
their 2000 match, drew convincingly.} 9. Nc3 h6 10. b3 Ke8 11. Bb2 Be7 12. Rad1
a5 13. a4 h5 14. Ne2 Be6 15. c4 Rd8 16. h3 b6 17. Nfd4 Nxd4 18. Nxd4 c5 19.
Nxe6 fxe6 20. Rxd8+ Kxd8 21. Bc1 Kc8 22. Rd1 Rd8 23. Rxd8+ Kxd8 24. g4 g6 25.
h4 hxg4 26. Bg5 Bxg5 27. hxg5 Ke8 28. Kg2 {
1/2-1/2 Comp Deep Fritz-Kramnik,V/Manama 2002/EXT 2003 (28)}) 4... d6 5. c3 {
Played to prepare the push d3-d4, taking over the center. X3D Fritz is still
making moves from its opening library, also called its "opening book." This is
a massive database with millions of positions take from previously played
games and prior analysis. An opening book often takes up close to a gigabyte
of hard drive space! This opening book is how the X3D Fritz team tells their
baby what to play in the first moves of the game, the opening phase. Before
each game they try to predict was Kasparov will play. Then they look at the
possible reactions that will lead to positions that X3D Fritz will play well
when it leaves the book and has to think on its own. There are so many
millions of possibilities even in the first 10 moves of a chess game that this
is far easier said than done. Even if you suspect what general direction your
opponent is going to take, you can't prepare everything, there just isn't time.
When human Grandmasters play one another they are both limited by their
memories. No matter how much they prepare and study they have trouble bringing
it all to the board with them come game time. A computer player like X3D Fritz
doesn't have this problem. Its memory is limitless and will store everything
the programming team has time to enter into its opening book. It will play its
moves instantaneously as long as it is still in a book position (as will
humans!). One of the tricks Grandmasters use against chess computers is to
play tricky move orders to get the machines out of their opening books as
early as possible. The opening phase is very sophisticated and poor decisions
made early will have repercussions ten, twenty, or even thirty moves later,
far too deep for a computer to calculate. The best opening moves havedeveloped 
over decades and are based on Grandmaster experience and praxis. Computers
don't usually do very well in this phase of the game on their own, the search
tree of moves is too broad and the strategy too subtle. Therefore they use
their opening books to reach playable positions, sometimes not "thinking" at
all until move 20 or even later. The debate about whether or not the use of
these books is an unfair advantage for the computers has raged since the
beginning. Kasparov put it back on the table after this painful loss, although
he did quite well in the opening phase.} g6 6. O-O Bg7 7. Nbd2 O-O 8. Re1 {
Both sides have made typical developing moves. Both kings have castled to
safety and both sides put pressure on the critical central squares.} Re8 {
This move by Kasparov had never been played before in this exact position. It
is hardly a shocking move and one that would likely be played soon regardless
of the order. By playing it here Kasparov hopes (and succeeds) to get X3D
Fritz out of its opening book. The machine is now calculating its moves on its
own and still in a very early stage of the game.} (8... Nd7 9. Nf1 (9. Ba4 Nc5
10. Bc2 f5 {Dankert-Pachman, Bad Neuenahr 1980}) 9... Nb6 {/\ 10...a6} 10. d4
exd4 $1 $146 (10... Bd7) 11. Nxd4 (11. cxd4 Bg4 $132) 11... Bd7 12. Nxc6 Bxc6
13. Bxc6 bxc6 14. Qc2 Qd7 {
1/2-1/2 Spraggett,K-Winants,L/France 2001/CBM 83/[Winants] (31)}) 9. d4 {
A Grandmaster likely would have waited a while to play this inevitable push in
the center. White's pieces are a little tangled up. X3D Fritz sees no reason
to delay; it wants central space. There is an immediate threat, the push d4-d5
attacking the c6 knight, which is now pinned by the bishop against the rook on
e8.} Bd7 {Breaking the pin, but guaranteeing that White can force the exchange
of light-squared bishops. ..Nd7 was worth considering, but Kasparov doesn't
mind exchanges that will decrease the computer's attacking potential.} 10. d5
Ne7 11. Bxd7 {We like to say that exchanges help the defender, especially in
positions in which he has less space. Black's pieces don't have much room to
maneuver and that is exacerbated with more pieces bumping into each other. But
this capture is a good decision by X3D Fritz, although it was unaware of the
real reason for this! In the coming position Black will attack on the kingside
and White will advance on the queenside to take advantage of its central pawn
wedge. In Black's kingside attack his light-squared bishop is a very important
member of the army, but now it's back in the virtual reality box. That attack
is 20 moves down the line so there is no way X3D Fritz had even the slightest
thought about that theory. It exchanged the bishops because it didn't like to
keep a bishop that would be trapped behind its own pawns on d5 and e4.} Nxd7 {
"Black has already equalized here." - GM Seirawan. By a curious route we have
reached a position that is basically a King's Indian Defense, a common opening
against 1.d4. Kasparov doesn't play it anymore but for many years he used the
King's Indian Defense (KID) with devastating effect. Of course X3D Fritz has
no idea that it's in a King's Indian, or that it's in New York or that
millions of people around the world are watching. The KID is a strategically
rich defense with very clear lines of play. Black attacks on the kingside and
White expands on the queenside. Every human master knows this by heart. X3D
Fritz has no idea what it is supposed to do, it simply plays the move with the
best evaluation on each move. Sometimes this can simulate a strategic plan,
sometimes it can lead to inconsistent play by the machine. What would we see
here?} 12. a4 {A good sign that X3D Fritz "understands" the position. It will
expand on the queenside! This isn't an attacking move, there really aren't any
direct targets to attack. But gaining space is a good thing on its own account.
When your pawns control more area your pieces have more room to maneuver. Your
opponent will be cramped and have trouble defending and guarding against your
potential breakthroughs.} (12. Nf1 h6 13. Ng3 Rf8 14. a4 a5 15. c4 {
1/2-1/2 Langeweg,K-Spraggett,K/Zaragoza 1992/TD (63)}) 12... h6 {Kasparov is
in no hurry. He wants to see if X3D Fritz will make a mistake in this subtle
position, perhaps waste time. Meanwhile this little move protects the g5
square and prepares an eventual ..g5 pawn push and a kingside attack.} 13. a5
a6 {Black can't allow the pawn to continue all the way to a6.} 14. b4 f5 15. c4
{X3D Fritz is playing disturbingly good strategic pawn moves! Pawn play, with
its long-term weaknesses and lack of direct tactics, is far from a computer
strong suit. They like to use their pieces in direct and open combat so their
calculating power is at its best effect. With all 16 pawns still on the board
this brute strength is muted. But X3D Fritz is playing just like a human
Grandmaster would in this position. It advances its pawns as far as possible
before making any decisions with its pieces because it's still not clear where
they will be best placed. At around this point Australian Grandmaster Ian
Rogers declared that X3D Fritz was passing the chess Turing test. You couldn't
distinguish its play from a human's!} Nf6 {White has its bind on the queenside
with possible breakthroughs on b5 and c5. Black builds up forces on the
kingside and will break with either ..g5 or ..f4.} 16. Bb2 $6 {The first sign
that X3D Fritz is slipping in this subtle strategic war. This is a committal
move when it's not yet clear where the best square is for this bishop.
Bringing the queen out to b3 was a good alternative.} (16. Bb2 f4 17. c5 g5 18.
h3 Rf8 19. Rc1 Rc8) 16... Qd7 17. Rb1 {Playing this rook to c1 to prepare c5
was what everyone was expecting. Is X3D Fritz wandering? It might have been
looking at playing Bc3 and pushing b5, but it never does this. One of the
problems computers have in strategic positions like this one is that they
can't stick with a plan the way a human can. What looks good at one point
might not make it into the program's search tree on the next move.} g5 $6 {
This is not objectively a bad move by Kasparov, the problem with it is that
now X3D Fritz will have a clearer understanding of the position. In order to
confuse the machine it's best to leave as many pawns on the board as possible
and keep lines closed. That allows the human to make long-term plans and build
up behind the lines, something computers aren't particularly good at. After
this move X3D Fritz has much clearer targets to work with, especially the e4
square. On the other hand, the typical attack Black plays for with ..f4 and ..
g5-g4 isn't so strong in the game because Black no longer has hislight-squared
bishop. That piece is usually a critical attacker against the white king in
the King's Indian, but it was exchanged off early on here.} (17... f4 {
The "move of principle" in this position.} 18. c5 g5 19. Nc4 Rad8 20. h3 Ng6
21. cxd6 cxd6 22. Nb6 Qf7 23. Rc1 Nh7 24. Re2 h5 25. Rec2 g4 {A standard
Indian game with Black crashing through on the kingside and White doing the
same on the queenside. Two problems for Black here: the absence of his
light-squared bishop and the fact that his opponent is a super-strong computer
program! X3D Fritz just isn't going to get checkmated. Sharp counterattacking
positions are not recommended against machines.} 26. Rc7 Re7 27. Rc8 {
Forcing exchanges will remove most of the danger around the white king and
increase the significance of White's positional advantage on the queenside.})
18. exf5 {Or else the Black pawns will roll down the board. Now White has the
nice e4 square for his pieces.} Qxf5 $6 {The Black queen joins the battle, but
without much scope in this blocked position.} (18... g4 {Kasparov} 19. Nh4 Nxf5
20. Nxf5 Qxf5 21. Nf1 h5 {
Similar to the game but gaining time over the game line.}) 19. Nf1 $1 {
Very nice. X3D Fritz redirects its knight to be able to control the e4 square.}
Qh7 {Maybe too subtle from Kasparov. He wants to keep the queen on the
kingside to support his attack on that flank. He doesn't want to be forced
back to d7 after ..Ng6 Ng3, for example. Kasparov also wants to keep an eye on
the critical e4 square.} (19... Ng6) (19... g4 20. Ng3 Qg6 21. Nd2 h5 22. Nge4)
(19... Qg6 $2 20. Ng3 Nf5 21. Qc2) 20. N3d2 {Focusing on the e4 square.} Nf5 (
20... Ng6 21. Ng3 Nf4 22. Nde4 {
A powerful knight on e4 makes this position very pleasant for White.}) 21. Ne4
Nxe4 22. Rxe4 h5 23. Qd3 Rf8 {Kasparov continues to build up his forces on the
kingside. He will double his rooks on the f-file.} 24. Rbe1 $6 {Not a blunder,
but X3D Fritz is getting distracted from its own attack. This is where human
planning and experience are superior to calculation. A Grandmaster simply
knows that in these positions you have to play where you are stronger. You
must attack, not defend. 24.c5 was the normal move.} (24. c5 Nd4 $5 (24... g4
25. Ng3)) 24... Rf7 25. R1e2 {Defending f2 in advance. Again continuing his
queenside initiative with c5 was better.} g4 26. Qb3 (26. c5 Raf8 $14) 26...
Raf8 27. c5 {Finally this required advance, but why now when the queen
appeared to come over to support b5 instead? Diffident strategic play from X3D
Fritz after a fine start.} (27. b5 Ne7 {
Threatening ..Rxf2 because of the attack by the queen on the Re4.} 28. b6 cxb6
29. Qxb6 Rxf2 30. Rxf2 Rxf2 $15) 27... Qg6 28. cxd6 $2 {Voluntarily giving up
all the pressure built up over the last dozen moves. A terrible strategic
decision, at least from an objective analysis standpoint. From a
computer-player perspective it makes some sense to liquidate and open lines
for its pieces to create tactical chances. Indeed this pays off almost
immediately when Kasparov blunders in mild time pressure on move 32.} (28. c6
$2 bxc6 29. dxc6 Ne7 $1) (28. Nd2 Ne7 $11) (28. Qc4 {Maintaining the pressure.}
) 28... cxd6 {Recapturing with the pawn is the solid option. You don't like to
have loose pawns against a computer. The worst is over for Black, but time
pressure and perhaps that feeling work now against Kasparov.} (28... Nxd6 $6
29. R4e3 e4 (29... h4 30. Bxe5 Bxe5 31. Rxe5 Rxf2 32. Rxf2 Rxf2 33. Qe3 Rf5) (
29... Rf3 $5 {A remarkable shot, suggest by X3D Fritz in its analysis!} 30. Qc2
(30. gxf3 $4 gxf3+ {Discovered check.} 31. Ng3 fxe2 32. Rxe2 h4) 30... Qxc2 31.
Rxc2 Rxe3 32. Nxe3 Rf7) 30. Bxg7 Qxg7) 29. b5 axb5 30. Qxb5 Bh6 $6 {Kasparov ac
tivates his passive bishop, but this is a very slow plan and there are still
many dangers in the position. With the threats on the queenside finally gone
Kasparov seems to have lost his sense of danger. You can never relax against
the machine because it never, ever relaxes.} (30... h4 31. Qc4 Nd4 32. Bxd4
exd4 33. Nd2 Be5) 31. Qb6 {A single-minded pin tactic, threatening Bxe5 (or
Rxe5) because now the black d-pawn is pinned.} Kh7 {
Protecting the queen but creating other weaknesses.} (31... Rf6 $5 {A remarkabl
e move, offering the b7 pawn based on a spectacular tactical continuation.} 32.
Qc7 (32. Rc4) (32. Qxb7 $2 Ne3 $1 33. R4xe3 Bxe3 34. Nxe3 Qd3 35. Re1 Qd2 36.
Rf1 Rxf2 $19) 32... R8f7 (32... Bg5 33. Bc3 (33. Qxb7 Ne3 34. R4xe3 Bxe3 35.
Nxe3 Qd3 36. Bxe5 $19) 33... R6f7 34. Qb6 Rg7 35. Ng3 Nxg3 36. hxg3 $11) (32...
Qf7 33. Qxf7+ R6xf7 34. Ng3 Nxg3 35. hxg3 Rc8 36. Ba3 $11) 33. Qc4 (33. Qd8+
Kh7) 33... Rg7 34. Bc3 h4 35. Bd2 Bxd2 36. Rxd2 $17) (31... h4 $4 32. Bxe5 dxe5
$4 33. Qxg6+) (31... Rg7 {Kasparov} 32. Ng3 h4 33. Nxf5 Rxf5 34. Ba3 Rf6 {
"Black is clearly better" - Kasparov}) 32. Qb4 {Preventing ..h4 now. According
to X3D Fritz programmer Frans Morsch, the program had been increasingly
distracted by Black's kingside attack, leading to curious play like this move.}
Rg7 $4 {A horrible blunder that leaves the f8 rook unprotected. Such a thing
was very hard to see because the rook was protected twice and now is not
protected at all! Kasparov had around 10 minutes on his clock at this point,
with nine moves to go to the time control on move 40 (when another hour is
added to each clock). You would usually like to have at least three minutes
per move until the time control. Kasparov was now down to around one minute
per move. That leaves precious little time to deal with the unexpected and
blunders become more likely, at least for the human. Computers of course,
never blunder at all. They don't play perfectly but they are simply incapable
of losing a game in one move as Kasparov does here.} (32... Ng7 $14) (32... Rg8
{Kasparov} 33. Ng3 Nxg3 34. hxg3 h4 $1 35. gxh4 g3 36. fxg3 (36. f3 Bf4) 36...
Qxg3 37. Qc3 Rf3) (32... Rc7) 33. Rxe5 $1 {Crushing. A coincidental effect of
White's last queen move. White wins a pawn but more importantly all of his
heavy pieces spring to life against the open black king. There is no hope of
ever defending this position against X3D Fritz.} (33. Bxe5 {
Also winning handily.}) 33... dxe5 34. Qxf8 Nd4 $2 {Opening more lines for
White's pieces, but it's already too late to do anything more than delay the
end by a few moves.} (34... Rd7 35. Qc8 Qf7 $18) (34... Re7 35. Qc8 Bg7 $18 36.
Ba3) 35. Bxd4 (35. Rxe5 $6 Nf3+ 36. Kh1 Nxe5 37. Bxe5 Rg8 38. Qe7+ Bg7 39. Qxb7
Qf5 $16) 35... exd4 36. Re8 Rg8 37. Qe7+ Rg7 (37... Qg7 38. Qe4+ Qg6 39. Re7+
Kh8 40. Qxd4+ Bg7 $18 41. Qb6) 38. Qd8 Rg8 39. Qd7+ (39. Qd7+ Rg7 40. Qc8 {
White continues to threaten checkmates on h8 to win more material. The white a
and d-pawns will run down the board to make new queens.} Rg8 41. Rxg8 Qxg8 42.
Qxb7+ Kg6 43. a6 d3 44. a7 d2 45. Nxd2 Bxd2 46. a8=Q) 1-0

[Event "X3D Man-Machine World Championship"]
[Site "New York City USA"]
[Date "2003.11.16"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Kasparov, Garry"]
[Black "X3D Fritz"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D45"]
[WhiteElo "2830"]
[Annotator "Mig Greengard"]
[PlyCount "89"]
[EventDate "2003.??.??"]

1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 d5 4. d4 c6 5. e3 a6 {Diverging from game one, when
the more common 5...Nbd7 was played. This sideline of the Slav with 5...a6 was
criticized by Kasparov after the game. From the continuation here we can see
why. X3D Fritz is playing from its opening book right into a position it
doesn't understand at all! When Kasparov said this everyone looked over at
poor Alex Kure, the man responsible for selecting and "training" X3D Fritz's
openings. Kasparov has little practical experience with this sideline and in
both cases (once with white and once with black) the game continued with 6.b3.
When this move appeared on the screen I thought maybe the Fritz team were
trying to give Kasparov a little psychological jab. He played this move
himself a month ago against Huzman in a game that turned into the shortest
loss of his career after a horrific blunder. They wouldn't admit it, but you
know they knew about that game and that Kasparov would be forced to think
about while he was sitting there against X3D Fritz.} 6. c5 Nbd7 7. b4 a5 8. b5
e5 (8... Ne4 $2 9. Nxe4 dxe4 10. Nd2 f5 11. f3 Qh4+ $2 (11... exf3 12. Qxf3 $16
) 12. g3 Qh6 13. Qe2 {1-0 Euwe,M-Alekhine,A/NLD 1935/(41)}) (8... e5 $142) 9.
Qa4 $1 {Given an exclamation point by Gligoric and Wade in their book "The
World Chess Championship" (1972). This move was apparently not in X3D Fritz's
opening book so it was now on its own.} Qc7 10. Ba3 (10. Be2 e4 11. Nd2 g6 12.
Nb3 Bh6 13. Bd2 O-O 14. O-O-O b6 15. bxc6 Nb8 16. cxb6 Qxb6 17. Qb5 Qxc6 18.
Qxc6 Nxc6 19. Na4 {1-0 Pachman,L-Fichtl,J/Prague 1954/MCD (41)}) 10... e4 11.
Nd2 Be7 {All of these moves had been played before, although Kasparov said
afterwards that he was not conscious of that at the time at this point. The
game they are following was not a minor one, but a battle from the world
championship match-tournament in 1948 between American Samuel Reshevsky and
Soviet (Estonian) Paul Keres.} 12. b6 {Immediately sealing the queenside and
diverging from that game from 1948, although there are still many similarities.
A player as strong as Keres had no difficulty in seeing that Black needs
immediate pawn play on the kingside in order to compensate for White's
advantage on the kingside. He played a rapid ...h5 push and entered a very
sharp battle.} (12. Be2 h5 13. b6 Qd8 14. h3 Nf8 15. O-O-O Ne6 16. Ndxe4 Nxe4 (
16... dxe4 17. d5 Bxc5 (17... O-O 18. dxe6 Qe8) 18. dxc6 Bxa3+ 19. Kc2) 17.
Nxe4 h4 {0-1 Reshevsky,S-Keres,P/NLD/URS 1948/MainBase (63)} (17... dxe4 18. d5
)) 12... Qd8 13. h3 {An odd little prophylactic move that shows that Kasparov
is betting that X3D Fritz won't know what to do in this position without any
clear targets for its pieces. All the time Kasparov spent training with X3D
Fritz clearly paid off. 13.h3 doesn't develop anything but it takes away a
square from Black's knight, the g4 square.} O-O 14. Nb3 {Kasparov closes in on
the isolated a5 pawn. After he captures it the white pieces will be a little
tied up and during that time Black needs to counterattack vigorously on the
kingside. Instead from now on we watch Kasparov consolidate on the queenside
while X3D Fritz does absolutely nothing on the kingside. It has no clue that
its only hope is to play its kingside pawns forward to break through the white
pawn chain at its base.} Bd6 $6 {This got a good laugh from the Grandmaster
commentators and the audience. Only a computer! It puts its bishop right where
the white pawn can capture it. If Kasparov takes the bishop he loses his queen
after 15.cxd6?? Nxb6 and the white queen is trapped. Of course Kasparov isn't
going to blunder his queen away, so did this curious move have any other
value? Maybe so, if Black thinks its bishop is more useful on the b8-h2
diagonal, attacking the kingside.} (14... Ne8 15. Rb1 f5 {Here is the key move
that X3D Fritz never wanted to play. All of Black's hopes are pinned on
eventually breaking through with ..f5.} 16. g3 g5 {Necessary to enforce ...f4,
but X3D Fritz has been taught not to move the pawns in front of its king. Now
a double-edge battle is underway and White will have to watch out for Black's
breakthrough on the kingside. In the game, Kasparov never had to worry about
this at all since X3D Fritz never touched its f-pawn.}) 15. Rb1 {Kasparov ignor
es X3D Fritz's provocative play and continues to develop his pieces. Black
isn't threatening anything.} (15. cxd6 $4 Nxb6) (15. Nxa5 Nxb6 16. cxb6 Bxa3
17. Qxa3 Qxb6) 15... Be7 $6 {Oh boy, now you know we're in the land of
computer chess. As one of America's top players, GM Gregory Kaidanov, put it
after the game, "this move showed that the computer doesn't feel any
embarrassment!" X3D Fritz puts its bishop right back where it was two moves
ago, basically making Kasparov a gift of two moves.} 16. Nxa5 Nb8 17. Bb4 {
Kasparov will slowly unravel his pieces on the queenside and prepare to push
his a2 pawn up the board where it will break through and give him a protected
passed b-pawn with an easily winning position. X3D Fritz can't see this coming
at all and does nothing but watch.} Qd7 18. Rb2 {This useless-looking move
confused most of the commentators, but to anyone with extensive anti-computer
chess experience it makes perfect sense. The rook protects the f2 pawn, a
potential weak spot, but why would you protect something that isn't being
attacked? The reason goes into how computers think. It's brute force
calculation can only go so deep, even with four super-fast processors. Black's
only possible source of counterplay in this position is to push its f-pawn and
open up an attack against area around the white king, f2 in particular. If X3D
Fritz's search, usually running 12-20 half-moves deep, ever reaches a position
in which it sees success in such an attack it will put such a plan in motion.
On the other hand, if it cannot reach a favorable position in its searches it
will never play the initial moves required. With the rook on b2 protecting f2
already, the potential weakness of that critical square is somewhat hidden
from the computer's search. X3D Fritz can't just play it anyway like a human
would, knowing that everything else is useless. A machine has to receive a
positive evaluation from its search to play a move and always plays the move
that gives it the best evaluation. Since X3D Fritz sees no danger here for
itself it is content to play moves that do nothing, but don't cause any
negative effect either. It twiddles its virtual reality thumbs. Any human
would say, "I have to do SOMETHING."} Qe6 19. Qd1 {Getting the queen out from
behind the pin on the a5 knight. All of Kasparov's moves are based on
supporting the push of the extra a2 pawn, with the occasional need to protect
against an X3D Fritz threat.} Nfd7 {After this there was a brief hope that X3D
Fritz had found the need to play its f-pawn at long last.} 20. a3 Qh6 21. Nb3
Bh4 {A pathetic one-move threat that ends up wasting more time. This move pins
the f2 pawn against the king and so threatens ...Qxe3+ on the next move.} 22.
Qd2 {Protecting against that threat and preparing to evacuate the king to the
queenside.} Nf6 {Nope, no f-pawn push. Black is doomed.} 23. Kd1 Be6 24. Kc1 {
Kasparov has all the time in the world.} Rd8 {Useless.} 25. Rc2 Nbd7 26. Kb2
Nf8 {Ironically, X3D Fritz was reaching incredible search depths because there
are so few legal moves in this closed position. It was like casting a powerful
searchlight into a black hole. Even reaching 19 half-moves ahead it couldn't
find the essential plan.} 27. a4 {The a-pawn begins its march.} Ng6 28. a5 Ne7
{After all this silliness it's too late for X3D Fritz to do anything now even
if it realized it was in trouble. It's pieces are all on the other side of the
board while Kasparov crashes through with his pawn.} 29. a6 {Kasparov gives
back the pawn temporarily in order to gain a protected passed b-pawn and
squares for his pieces. He will now build up his forces for the final assault.}
bxa6 30. Na5 Rdb8 31. g3 {White gets ready to get his last piece into action
and further restrain the useless black pieces.} Bg5 32. Bg2 {Getting out of
the way of the rook while threatening to win a piece with h4, trapping the
bishop.} (32. h4 $6 Ng4 33. Bg2 Bf6) 32... Qg6 33. Ka1 Kh8 {Two useless-looking
king moves that aren't the same at all. Kasparov is getting out of the way of
his heavy pieces. X3D Fritz is simply wasting more time. At this point the X3D
Fritz team members started to shuffle their feet nervously. They knew from
looking at the evaluation that the program had no idea it was about to be
crushed.} 34. Na2 {Heading to the b4 square.} Bd7 35. Bc3 Ne8 36. Nb4 Kg8 37.
Rb1 Bc8 38. Ra2 Bh6 39. Bf1 {Kasparov has optimized his forces for the final
strike. During the last 20 moves X3D Fritz has accomplished absolutely nothing.
} Qe6 40. Qd1 {With this move Kasparov's last worry disappeared. He had
reached the time control on move 40, which meant he had an extra hour added to
his clock. They would get even more time at move 60, but nobody believed the
game would reach that point!} Nf6 {There is nothing to be done at this point,
although X3D Fritz was still giving White just a tiny plus.} 41. Qa4 Bb7 (41...
Kh8 {Waiting passively doesn't work either.} 42. Nbxc6 Bd7 {This pin backfires.
} 43. b7 $1 Ra7 (43... Nxc6 44. bxa8=Q Rxa8 45. Rb6 Nxa5 46. Rxe6 Bxa4 47. Rxa6
Rxa6 48. Bxa6 Nb3+ 49. Kb2) 44. Nxb8 Bxa4 45. Rxa4 {
White wins easily even without his queen thanks to the mighty pawns.}) 42. Nxb7
Rxb7 43. Nxa6 (43. Bxa6 Rbb8 44. b7 (44. Rb3 Qxh3) 44... Rxb7 45. Bxb7 Rxa4 46.
Rxa4 g6 47. Ra6) 43... Qd7 44. Qc2 {For the second time in this game the queen
steps out of a pin on the a-file. Now it's a simple matter of dominating the
a-file, trading pieces, and pushing the b-pawn. Totally crushing.} Kh8 {
X3D Fritz was still managing to find enough defensive resources in its search
to delay the inevitable. It's evaluation was only -1.50, or a pawn and a half
negative when in fact it is completely losing. The final cataclysm is beyond
its search horizon, just like the rest of the game.} 45. Rb3 {The rooks will
double on the a-file, penetrate to a7 or a8, force exchanges, and finally the
push of the b-pawn will be unstoppable.} (45. Rb3 Ne8 (45... Qc8 46. Rba3 g6
47. Nc7 Rxa3 48. Rxa3 Rb8 49. Qa2) (45... Qf5 46. Nc7 Rxa2+ 47. Qxa2 Nd7 48.
Qa7 (48. Be2)) 46. Rba3 Nc8 47. Nb4 Rab8 48. Ra8 Bg5 49. Rxb8 Rxb8 50. Ra6 Bd8
51. Qa4 Ne7 52. Ra8 Rxa8 53. Qxa8) 1-0

[Event "X3D Man-Machine World Championship"]
[Site "New York City USA"]
[Date "2003.11.18"]
[Round "4"]
[White "X3D Fritz"]
[Black "Kasparov, Garry"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "D27"]
[BlackElo "2830"]
[Annotator "Mig Greengard"]
[PlyCount "54"]
[EventDate "2003.??.??"]

1. d4 {Already a bit of a surprise from X3D Fritz. Computers almost always
play 1.e4 against humans because it leads to open positions with sharper, more
concrete play, at least speaking very broadly. Of course any chess opening can
lead to a sharp position, as we see here. The X3D Fritz team had a specific
opening line in mind when they went for 1.d4 in this critical game four.} d5 {
For a long time Kasparov played 1...Nf6 exclusively against 1.d4. That move
usually led to the aggressive Grunfeld or King's Indian Defenses. Lately,
however, he has been playing the more solid move here, staking out space in
the center right from the start. After the game Kasparov said that he wasn't
completely surprised by 1.d4 and had done some preparation with his seconds
for the match, Grandmasters Yuri Dokhoian and Mikhail Kobalia. (Dokhoian is
his long-time trainer.)} 2. c4 {The Queen's Gambit, offering a pawn to deflect
Black's central d-pawn from its solid post. This has been one of the most
common opening systems at every level of the game.} dxc4 {The Queen's Gambit
Accepted, as Black accepts the offer of the pawn. Unlike other gambits Black
only rarely attempts to hold on to his extra pawn in this variant. Doing so
subjects him to too much attacking pressure. Instead he develops his pieces.
Kasparov has played this before but the commentators weren't sure he would
enter such an open, double-edged opening against X3D Fritz.} 3. Nf3 e6 4. e3
Nf6 5. Bxc4 {Reestablishing material equality.} c5 {
Black counterattacks the white center immediately.} 6. O-O a6 {
Threatening to play 7...b5 and 8...c4 with a pawn advantage on the queenside.}
7. Bb3 (7. dxc5 {This is a common line, but of course the X3D Fritz team
wouldn't want to see the queens come off the board like this. They want as
much activity and piece power on the board as possible to press the computer's
advantage in tactics and calculation.} Qxd1 8. Rxd1 Bxc5) (7. a4 Nc6 8. Qe2
cxd4 9. Rd1 Be7 10. exd4) 7... cxd4 {Kasparov heads into a line he has played
before. You can see why the X3D Fritz team liked this line. All the pieces are
still on the board and there are open lines for attack and piece play. There
are no lines of blocked pawns to inhibit the computer's calculating ability.
The downside is unrelated to the objective characteristics of the position.
It's that Kasparov knows this position very well and is likely to have studied
it deeply. This turns out to have been exactly the case.} (7... b5 {
This move, quickly developing the bishop to b7, is the most popular here.} 8.
a4 b4 9. Nbd2 Bb7) 8. exd4 {Now White has what we call an isolated queen's
pawn, a very common structure. The pawn on d4 has no pawns alongside it to
defend it and it can be a target for Black's forces. In compensation White has
excellent open lines for developing his pieces and the pawn controls important
center squares. It is also possible to advance the pawn to start an attack.}
Nc6 9. Nc3 Be7 10. Re1 O-O 11. Bf4 {This move made it clear to Kasparov that
the X3D Fritz team was headed into a line that was played in several very
high-profile games a few years ago. Kasparov played in two of them, one with
white in 1999 and one with Black in 2001! That 2001 game was against no lesser
an opponent than world #2 Vladimir Kramnik on the stage in Moscow. Kasparov
had won that game and no one had dared to play that line for White since then.
Kasparov now started to play slower, warily looking ahead for what X3D Fritz
had in mind. More precisely, what the X3D opening book team had in mind. The
machine was still playing out of its opening library, not thinking on its own
at all. There is a dead giveaway by the way the machine plays its moves
instantaneously when it is still in its database book. When that's going on
Kasparov knows that he is still following the programmers' preparation.} Na5 {
Attacking the bishop. Exchanges are usually to the defender's benefit,
especially in a cramped position.} (11... b5 12. d5 exd5 13. Nxd5 $16 Nxd5 14.
Qxd5 Bb7 15. Qh5 Bf6 16. Rad1 Qc8 17. Bd6 g6 18. Qh6 $18 {
1-0 Epishin,V-Jonkman,H/Amsterdam NED 2000/(30)}) 12. d5 {Wantonly giving up
the weak pawn in order to open lines and create complications. Kasparov
himself played 12.Bc2 against world #3 Anand in 1999.} (12. Bc2 b5 {'Illescas C
ordoba: Este resulta ser el mejor metodo para desarrollar el alfil de b7; el
peon en b5 tambien puede ser util en un futuro para hostigar al caballo blanco
de c3 mediante el avance b5-b4'} 13. d5 {1/2-1/2 Kasparov,G-Anand,V/Wijk aan
Zee 1999/CBM 69/[Huzman] (22) 'Illescas Cordoba: Un interesante sacrificio de
peon cuyas consecuencias no quedan claras tras esta partida aunque promete una
indudable compensacion a las blancas. Lo cierto es que a estas alturas del
encuentro yo habia comprendido que en esta variante, tras la jugada 7.Bb3, las
negras obtienen una comoda posicion si consiguen desarrollar a tiempo el
flanco de dama. Por ello habia preparado esta entrega; las blancas abren el
juego en un momento muy oportuno, con el alfil negro todavia en c8 y el
caballo algo descolocado en a5'} (13. Qd3 Bb7 14. Be5 g6 15. Qe3 Nc4 16. Qh6
Bxf3 17. gxf3 Nh5 18. Ne4 f5 $19 {
0-1 Akesson,R-Degerman,L/Ronneby 1998/EXT 99 (23)})) 12... Nxb3 13. Qxb3 {
After this Kasparov went into a very long think. He had faced this exact
position two years ago in Moscow against his arch-rival, world #2 Kramnik.
They were playing a match of blitz, games with just five minutes per player
instead of the two hours plus of classical chess. Kasparov's was wondering if
he should continue to follow the line from that game. He beat Kramnikspectacula
rly in that 2001 blitz game by sacrificing his queen and winning a wild
tactical melee. But surely trying that against X3D Fritz would be close to
suicide. It was just that sort of position the computer team dreamed of when
they told X3D Fritz to play this line if given the chance. So Kasparov sat
there for a while looking at the alternatives. He was mentally thumbing
through his years of memorized analysis and looking to see what dangerous
improvements the X3D Fritz team might have found.} exd5 {Kasparov avo ids the
wild queen sacrifice line and recaptures with the pawn. Grandmaster Yasser
Seirawan, one of the ESPN commentators, didn't like this line at all against a
computer because of the many open lines. The alternatives were worse, however,
at least according to Kasparov. This move has also been played before in top
level games and this is a factor in Kasparov's favor. He would definitely have
analyzed those games.} (13... Nxd5 {
A remarkable queen sacrifice originating with Alexei Shirov.} 14. Rad1 Nxf4 15.
Rxd8 Rxd8 16. Rd1 Nd5 17. Ne5 (17. Nxd5 exd5 18. h3 b5 19. Rxd5 Be6 20. Rxd8+
Rxd8 21. Qc2 {1/2-1/2 Gelfand,B-Shirov,A/New Delhi/2000/CBM 80 (21)'}) 17...
Bf6 18. Nc4 Rb8 $1 (18... Nxc3 19. Rxd8+ Bxd8 20. Nb6 $1) 19. Na5 $6 (19. Nxd5
exd5 20. Ne3 Be6 (20... d4 21. Nd5 Be5 22. Re1 Bd6 $11) 21. Nxd5 Bxb2 22. Qxb2
Rxd5 23. Rxd5 Bxd5 $11) (19. Nb6 Nxb6 20. Qxb6 Bd7 21. Ne4 Be7 $11 {/=/+})
19... Bd7 20. Ne4 (20. Nxd5 exd5 21. Rxd5 b6 22. Nc4 Be6 $17) 20... Be7 21. Nc4
Bb5 $17 22. Ne5 Be8 23. h3 b5 24. Qg3 Rbc8 25. Kh1 a5 26. h4 a4 27. Ng5 h6 28.
Ngf3 Nf6 29. Rxd8 Rxd8 30. Qf4 Rd1+ 31. Kh2 Bd6 $19 32. g3 Bc6 $1 33. g4 Rd3 $1
34. Kg1 Bxf3 {0-1 Kramnik,V-Kasparov,G/Moscow 2001/CBM 87/[Huzman] (34)}) 14.
Rad1 {Played instantly, showing that X3D Fritz was still in its opening
library. Black is unable to hold on to the extra pawn.} Be6 15. Qxb7 {
Getting the pawn back, but now the queen is exposed on b7.} Bd6 {Kasparov offer
s exchanges to weaken White's attacking forces. Another move played here is
the much more complicated 15...Bc5. Anand played that move against Kramnik in
2001 and a few months later his Indian compatriot, Sasikiran, tried it against
Bacrot. The extreme complications arising from that move are exactly what any
human would want to avoid against a computer beast like X3D Fritz.} (15... Bc5
16. Be5 Qa5 (16... a5 17. Nd4 Nd7 18. Bg3 Re8 19. Ndb5 h5 20. Nxd5 h4 21. Bf4
Bg4 22. Nbc7 Rxe1+ 23. Rxe1 Rb8 24. Qxb8 Nxb8 25. Re8+ Qxe8 26. Nxe8 Nc6 27.
Nef6+ gxf6 28. Nxf6+ Kf8 29. Nxg4 {
1-0 Bacrot,E-Sasikiran,K/Lausanne 2001/CBM 82 ext (42)}) 17. Nd4 Bxd4 18. Rxd4
Nd7 19. Bd6 Nc5 20. Qc7 Qxc7 21. Bxc7 Rfc8 22. Bg3 Ne4 23. Nxd5 Bxd5 24. Rxd5
Nxg3 25. hxg3 {1/2-1/2 Kramnik,V-Anand,V/Monte Carlo 2001/CBM 81 ext (76)}) 16.
Bg5 {
Keeping the bishop on the board and pinning the knight on f6 against the queen.
} Rb8 17. Qxa6 {Kasparov was relieved when the computer actually thought for a
while before playing this obvious move. That meant it was finally out of its
opening library and he wasn't out of his! Now he didn't have to worry about a
nasty prepared surprise. Kasparov had analyzed this position extensively in
the past and didn't think Black had anything to fear.} Rxb2 18. Bxf6 {
Making things easier for Kasparov. The world #1 had already seen through to
the completely equal endgame that is now coming. X3D Fritz could have kept
more material on the board instead of exchanging, but it doesn't know how to
do anything other than play the best move. If a move that simplifies is rated
as 0.01 points better than an incredibly complicated move it will play the
simplifying move even though it would have much better winning chances against
a human by playing the complicating move. One thing the X3D Fritz team might
not have been aware of is that the previous game to reach this position was
played by GM Andrei Kharlov, a Russian who has been part of Kasparov's
analysis team several times. This would significantly increase the chance that
Kasparov would know this line inside and out.} (18. Re2 Rxe2 19. Qxe2 Be7 20.
Qd3 Qa5 21. Bxf6 Bxf6 22. Nxd5 Qxa2 23. Nxf6+ gxf6 24. h3 Qa5 25. Qd4 Kg7 26.
Qe3 Re8 27. Rc1 Rc8 28. Rxc8 {
1/2-1/2 Dorfman,J-Kharlov,A/France 2001/EXT 2002 (28)}) 18... Qxf6 {Kasparov wa
s now playing his moves quickly and with a peaceful look on his face. He knew
the danger was past. Black has absolutely no winning chances in these lines as
there is no way X3D Fritz is going to make a huge blunder. In simple, open
positions computers are all but invincible. The draw was now becoming apparent.
} 19. Qxd6 Qxc3 20. Nd4 {If White tries to save the a-pawn it can come out on
the worse end of the position. X3D Fritz is content to play a line in which it
eliminates Black's central passed pawn.} (20. a4 Ra2) 20... Rxa2 21. Nxe6 fxe6
22. Qxe6+ Kh8 {It's White to play, but Black's double attack on the f2 pawn
forces X3D Fritz to defend instead of grabbing the d5 pawn. It's completely
equal with no winning chances for either side.} 23. Rf1 (23. Qf7 Qc8 24. Qxd5
Raxf2 25. Rf1 Qc2 26. h3 h6) 23... Qc5 {Continued precise play from Kasparov.
The triple attack on f2 leads to further exchanges.} (23... Rd2 24. Qe1 Rd3 25.
Qxc3 Rxc3 26. Rxd5) 24. Qxd5 Rfxf2 {The point! Black isn't losing his queen
here because he is threatening checkmate in two moves. Of course X3D Fritz had
seen all this coming too. Still, it's a pretty way to end a rather technical
final game. Both sides have serious back-rank problems; their kings have no
way to escape a check on the rank. With all the heavy pieces on the board this
creates various tricks, but both Kasparov and X3D Fritz were up to the task.}
25. Rxf2 (25. Qxc5 $4 Rxg2+ 26. Kh1 Rxh2+ 27. Kg1 Rag2# {Checkmate!}) (25. Qd8+
Rf8+ {Blocking check with check, a rare and attractive tactical theme that
saves the day. Kasparov had foreseen all of this as early as a dozen moves ago.
} 26. Kh1 Raf2 (26... Rxd8 $4 27. Rxd8+ Qf8 28. Rdxf8#) 27. Rxf2 Qxf2 28. h3)
25... Qxf2+ 26. Kh1 h6 {Eliminating the back-rank weakness by giving the king
some air (usually called the German "luft"). 10 moves earlier online
commentator Mig Greengard has predicted the game would finish drawn in this
position. But X3D Fritz ruins that prediction by playing one more useless move
first.} 27. Qd8+ (27. Rc1 {Any human would have played this move just to see
if Black might blunder. It isn't immediately obvious how Black can deal with
the threat of Rc8+ with a winning attack. The black rook can't go to a8 and if
it blocks with ..Rc2 then Qd8+ Kh7 Qd3+ wins the rook with a fork. Three-time
US Champion Joel Benjamin was momentarily alarmed, thinking that perhaps
Kasparov had missed this trick in what looked like a safe position at last.}
Qc2 $1 {This is the way! Black offers the queen to block the check and White
cannot capture without being checkmated! A nice trick that Kasparov had to
have seen long ago or this line could have meant trouble. It turns out there
is another way to save Black, but it's not nearly so clear or pretty.} (27...
Ra6 $6 {Unnecessarily complicated.} 28. Rc8+ Kh7 29. Qe4+ Rg6 30. h4 Qf1+ 31.
Kh2 Qf6 32. h5 $2 Qd6+ 33. Kh1 Qd1+ 34. Kh2 Qxh5+) 28. Rxc2 $4 (28. Rf1 Kh7)
28... Ra1+ 29. Rc1 Rxc1+ 30. Qd1 Rxd1#) (27. Rb1 Rb2 28. Ra1 Rb8) 27... Kh7 {
White cannot make progress and has to worry about its own king and the attack
on g2.} 1/2-1/2

